Periodic Trends In Ionization Energy: Definition, Trends & Exceptions What Is Ionization Energy? Ionization energy (IE) is the minimum amount of energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms in their ground state, resulting in 1+ cations. It’s an endothermic process, meaning energy must be supplied to overcome the …
Electron Affinity (EA) – Definition, Trends, and Exceptions What Is Electron Affinity? Electron affinity (EA) refers to the energy change that occurs when a gaseous atom gains an electron to form a negative ion (anion): X(g) + e⁻ → X⁻(g) When an atom attracts an incoming electron, it forms a new electrostatic interaction between the nucleus and the added …
Important Chemical Reactions Concise, exam-oriented pathways with clear, stepwise transformations. H₂SO₄ Ca(OH)₂ HNO₂/HNO₃ NH₄OH NaOH Fe(OH)₂ / Fe(OH)₃ Mixture vs Compound Deriving Sulphuric Acid From Sulphur 3 steps Sulphuric acid is derived in three steps: Step 1 Burn S in O₂ S + O2 → SO2 → Step 2 Oxidize SO₂ (V₂O₅ catalyst) 2SO2 + …
What Is Ionization Energy & Successive Ionization Energies? Ionization energy (IE) is a measure of how strongly an atom holds onto its electrons.The higher the ionization energy, the harder it is to remove an electron from the atom. It reflects how tightly the nucleus attracts the electrons in a given energy level. What Are Successive …
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High school chemistry can sometimes feel like a mountain of formulas, reactions, and calculations. Learning during the class is only the first step—actively working through practice questions is what cements that knowledge and builds real confidence. Here’s why practising questions matters for chemistry learners, plus simple ways you can support your child at home. Why …
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Electronegativity (EN): Definition, Trends, and Key Factors What Is Electronegativity? Electronegativity measures how strongly an atom pulls the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond toward itself. Atoms that pull harder usually have a high effective nuclear charge (Zeff), small atomic size, and minimal electron shielding. For example, fluorine ranks as the most electronegative …
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I have been approached by a number of parents to guide them towards their child’s journey to become a doctor. I have penned down my thoughts in the paragraphs below to make use of the summer towards achieving this aim. Becoming a doctor is a demanding yet deeply rewarding journey. It calls for dedication to …
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Metallic Character Of Elements: Trends Across the Periodic Table What Does Metallic Character Of Elements Mean? Concept Metallic character Of Elements refers to an atom’s tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions.For example: Mg → Mg²⁺ + 2 electrons Na → Na⁺ + 1 electron Factors Controlling Periodic Trends For Metallic Character Of Elements …
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Non-Metallic Character: Periodic Trends You Must Know What Is Non-Metallic Character? Non-metallic character describes how easily an atom gains electrons to form negative ions. In simpler terms, nonmetals prefer to attract electrons during chemical bonding. For example: What Factors affects Periodic Trend For Non-Metallic Character? Non-metallic character depends on two major factors: 1. Atomic Size …
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